- Precision in Electrochemistry
- English
Parallel Impedance Measurements
PAD4
The Zahner PAD4 card provides 4 additional voltage or current input channels which can be used for parallel DC or EIS measurements on segments connected in series. The PAD4 card is an optimal addition to the ZENNIUM potentiostat for stack measurements or segmented cells.
The PAD4 card is used in the fuel cell, electrolyzer stack and battery-pack investigations. In addition, it is used in measurements involving a reference electrode in a 3-electrode cell connection scheme.
Parallel EIS measurements on each segment in a stack enable highly detailed measurement system behavior either in-plane or throughout the stack. Up to 17 EIS signals can be recorded in a frequency range of 10 µHz to 250 kHz. 18-bit AD converters ensure high-quality EIS data.
Overview of PAD4 card variants:
The PAD4 card is used in the fuel cell, electrolyzer stack and battery-pack investigations. In addition, it is used in measurements involving a reference electrode in a 3-electrode cell connection scheme.
Parallel EIS measurements on each segment in a stack enable highly detailed measurement system behavior either in-plane or throughout the stack. Up to 17 EIS signals can be recorded in a frequency range of 10 µHz to 250 kHz. 18-bit AD converters ensure high-quality EIS data.
Overview of PAD4 card variants:
PAD4-HC: for investigation of individual cells in a stack of up to ±100V
PAD4-LC: for investigation of segmented cells in a stack of up to ±25 V
PAD4-HZ: for investigation of batteries with high-resistance reference electrodes or high-resistance objects
- Parallel EIS stack measurements
- Up to 17 channels for ZENNIUM X
- Up to 5 channels for ZENNIUM PRO
- Customizable voltage range for PAD4 channels
- Incorporated with external potentiostats and electronic loads
- 3 different models for stacks and segmented cells
Specifications
Channels per card
4 individually addressable
Sockets
4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL
Input voltage range
±4 V, ±5 V1, ±10 V1, ±12 V1, ±20 V1 or ±24 V1
Input voltage accuracy
±250 µV ±0.05% of reading
±4 V input voltage range
Common mode range
±100 V 2
±4 V input voltage range
Common mode rejection ratio
86 dB (66 dB @ 100 kHz)
±4 V input voltage range
Frequency range
10 µHz - 250 kHz
Input impedance
200 kΩ
±4 V input voltage range
Resolution
18 bit
Input AC voltage resolution
500 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
±4 V input voltage range
Maximum PAD4 supported
1 (ZENNIUM PRO)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
1)
1) ±4 V standard, higher input voltage ranges on demand
2)
2) for ±4 V input voltage, higher input voltage ranges results in higher common mode voltages
Channels per card
4 individually addressable
Sockets
4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL
Input voltage range
±1 V
Input voltage accuracy
±250 µV ±0.05% of reading
Common mode range
±25 V
Common mode rejection ratio
100 dB (74 dB @ 100 kHz)
Frequency range
10 µHz - 250 kHz
Input impedance
50 kΩ
Resolution
18 bit
Input AC voltage resolution
125 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
Maximum PAD4 supported
1 (ZENNIUM PRO)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
Sockets
4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL
Channels per card
4 individually addressable
Input voltage range
2x ±1 V
2x ±5 V
2x ±5 V
Input voltage accuracy
±250 µV ±0.1% of reading
Common mode range
2x ±2 V (±1 V input range)
2x ±10 V (±5 V input range)
2x ±10 V (±5 V input range)
Frequency range
10 µHz - 250 kHz
Input impedance
>500 GΩ
Input leakage current
< |30 pA|
Resolution
18 bit
Input AC voltage resolution
2x 125 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
2x 625 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
2x 625 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
Maximum PAD4 supported
1 (ZENNIUM PRO)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
Channels per card
4 individually addressable
Sockets
4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL
Input voltage range
±4 V, ±5 V1, ±10 V1, ±12 V1, ±20 V1 or ±24 V1
Input voltage accuracy
±250 µV ±0.05% of reading
±4 V input voltage range
Common mode range
±100 V 2
±4 V input voltage range
Common mode rejection ratio
86 dB (66 dB @ 100 kHz)
±4 V input voltage range
Frequency range
10 µHz - 250 kHz
Input impedance
200 kΩ
±4 V input voltage range
Resolution
18 bit
Input AC voltage resolution
500 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
±4 V input voltage range
Maximum PAD4 supported
1 (ZENNIUM PRO)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
1)
1) ±4 V standard, higher input voltage ranges on demand
2)
2) for ±4 V input voltage, higher input voltage ranges results in higher common mode voltages
Channels per card
4 individually addressable
Sockets
4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL
Input voltage range
±1 V
Input voltage accuracy
±250 µV ±0.05% of reading
Common mode range
±25 V
Common mode rejection ratio
100 dB (74 dB @ 100 kHz)
Frequency range
10 µHz - 250 kHz
Input impedance
50 kΩ
Resolution
18 bit
Input AC voltage resolution
125 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
Maximum PAD4 supported
1 (ZENNIUM PRO)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
Sockets
4x Lemosa EGA.0B.307.CLL
Channels per card
4 individually addressable
Input voltage range
2x ±1 V
2x ±5 V
2x ±5 V
Input voltage accuracy
±250 µV ±0.1% of reading
Common mode range
2x ±2 V (±1 V input range)
2x ±10 V (±5 V input range)
2x ±10 V (±5 V input range)
Frequency range
10 µHz - 250 kHz
Input impedance
>500 GΩ
Input leakage current
< |30 pA|
Resolution
18 bit
Input AC voltage resolution
2x 125 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
2x 625 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
2x 625 nV @ 4 mV AC amplitude
Maximum PAD4 supported
1 (ZENNIUM PRO)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
4 (ZENNIUM X)
Downloads
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